Ramanan Ganapathy, Ahmet Aykaç
Increasing application rates significantly reduced gall formation across all tested species. At 10 mL L-1, gall indices were 3.40, 3.10, and 3.00 for M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. hapla, respectively. In greenhouse trials, 10 L ha-1 achieved 85.33% efficacy (gall index 0.97), approaching the commercial botanical reference (89.35%; gall index 0.76).
OBJECTIVE: Nanoemulsion-based delivery systems offer a promising approach to improve the stability and biological performance of plant-derived nematicides. This study evaluated a plant-derived nanoemulsion based on Nerium oleander extract against M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. hapla under controlled pot and commercial greenhouse conditions.
METHOD: The nanoemulsion was evaluated at 2-10 mL L-1 under pot conditions and 6-10 L ha-1 in greenhouse trials, with commercial nematicides used as references.
RESULTS: Increasing application rates significantly reduced gall formation across all tested species. At 10 mL L-1, gall indices were 3.40, 3.10, and 3.00 for M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. hapla, respectively. In greenhouse trials, 10 L ha-1 achieved 85.33% efficacy (gall index 0.97), approaching the commercial botanical reference (89.35%; gall index 0.76).
DISCUSSION: The consistent performance across pot and greenhouse experiments indicates that the nanoemulsion maintains its biological activity across experimental scales and supports its potential as a sustainable alternative for integrated nematode management. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.