Performance evaluation of natural rubber‐modified mustard oil as a bio‐lubricant: A sustainable substitute for industrial applications

Abstract The environmental impact of conventional petroleum‐based lubricants prompts research into bio‐lubricants, with vegetable oils as promising alternatives due to their technical qualities and biodegradability. This study explores the formulation of bio‐lubricant systems using mustard oil as the base oil and natural rubber as an additive. The bio‐lubricants have been subjected to comprehensive characterization including thermal analysis, rheological assessments, and tribological investigations. The performance of an optimized bio‐lubricant composition has been compared with that of a commercial engine oil (SAE20W40) commonly employed in industrial applications. An optimized bio‐lubricant composition namely: M3(mustard with 5 wt.% natural rubber) demonstrated superior lubricating properties, with a 30% improvement in viscosity index, a 10.7% increase in flash point, a 55% reduction in pour point, and a 22.8% higher onset temperature compared to SAE 20W40. Additionally, the M3 system exhibited a 21% lower coefficient of friction, a 20.8% reduction in wear scar diameter, and a 36.9% increase in flash temperature parameter (FTP) over SAE 20W40. The findings also highlight that the natural rubber‐modified mustard oil system offers efficacy as a sustainable and environment‐friendly alternative to conventional lubricants in various industrial settings. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to develop eco‐conscious lubrication solutions for a greener and more sustainable future.