Amina Hamnas, Naja Hasoon, G. Unnikrishnan
ABSTRACT This study presents a comprehensive approach for enhancing the oxidative stability of mustard oil‐derived bio‐lubricants through chemical modifications viz.; epoxidation and transesterification. The significance of this research lies in addressing the imperative need for sustainable alternatives to conventional lubricants, particularly in the automotive industry, where environmental concerns and regulatory pressures are escalating. The modifications were confirmed via IR analysis, showcasing distinct chemical changes indicative of epoxide and ester functional groups. The acid, iodine, and peroxide values were assessed to validate the alterations in the chemical compositions. Rheological, tribological, and thermal analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of the modified bio‐lubricant. The rheological examinations demonstrated the favorable viscosity characteristics of mustard oil after chemical modifications, crucial for efficient lubrication in engine systems. Tribological analysis revealed the friction reduction and wear protection properties, essential for prolonging engine life and enhancing efficiency. The thermal analysis highlighted the improved thermal stability, a vital attribute for maintaining lubricant integrity under high‐temperature operating conditions. The synthesized bio‐lubricant was systematically compared with a commercial engine oil, SAE 20W40, elucidating the competitive performance of the former and its potential for substitution in automotive applications. This research represents a significant contribution to the field of sustainable lubricant development, offering a viable alternative to petroleum‐based counterparts while addressing environmental concerns, and enhancing engine performance and longevity.