Zero Waste Biomanufacturing Systems

Innovation in zero-waste biomanufacturing has arisen due to increased demand for sustainable and environmentally responsible modes of production. In this chapter, the authors describe the essence, enabling technologies, and practical applications of zero-waste systems in the biopharmaceutical and biologics manufacturing industry. Focusing on the principles of the circular economy, this chapter presents the ways of incorporating resource recovery, waste valorization, and energy efficiency in the upstream and downstream of bioprocesses. Discussed in detail is the role of advanced bioprocessing strategies including continuous manufacturing, closed-loop system, and precision fermentation. Moreover, the lists of digital instruments, like process analytical technology (PAT), machine learning, and life cycle assessment (LCA), is also introduced as one of the significant contributors to the realization of the waste reduction and accurate assessment and provision of sustainability in practice. Multiple examples of industry and research case studies are reviewed to demonstrate how the principles of zero-waste were applied, such as bio-based reuse of by-products, reuse of process water, and reuse of the single use bioreactor components. The chapter also ends by addressing regulatory point of view, economic considerations and aspects of further research that would be needed to have extensive adoption. Such an exhaustive review offers insights to the researchers, industry players and policymakers trying to develop powerful sustainability in biomanufacturing activities.