Multinucleated giant cells: Do they have an impact on prognosis and overall survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma?

BACKGROUND: Multinucleated Giant Cells (MGCs) are akin to immune cells that play a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment. MGCs have been shown to have both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing effects. This study explores the role of MGCs in OSCC and their prognostic value. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 100 proven cases of OSCC were retrieved with complete clinicopathological data. Haematoxylin-eosin sections were reviewed independently by three pathologists and grouped into two, with and without MGCs. The distribution, and average number of MGCs per 5 high-power fields per case were examined. All clinicopathological parameters and prognosis based on Bryne's grading were compared between groups. The overall survival with follow-up period of >36 months was analysed. RESULTS: 34 cases with MGCs were found, out of which 21 patients are alive. Cases with MGCs had pTNM stage III whereas majority of cases without MGC's had stage IV. Signifi cant correlation was found for lympho-vascular invasion only. Cases with MGC's showed good prognostic score according to Bryne's grading, while without MGC's showed moderate to poor prognostic score. Cases of alveolar mucosa, including gingiva and ridge SCC with MGCs, showed poor survival. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the potential role of MGCs in OSCC, suggesting an association with earlier tumor stages and favorable prognostic scores. Further research is needed to assess their prognostic and therapeutic relevance.