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◇ arXiv2026-09-07· cs.HC

Living with AI Companions: Sustained AI Companionship Predicts Lower Well-Being Through Lower Human Interaction

Yutong Zhang, Dora Zhao, Yixin Wang, Rebecca Anselmetti, Jeffrey T. Hancock, Robert Kraut, Diyi Yang

原始摘要(英文原文)· Original abstract
AI chatbots are increasingly used for companionship, emotional support, and personal self-disclosure; however, how social engagement with these systems unfolds over time and shapes users' well-being remains unclear. To address this, we conducted a two-wave longitudinal study of CharacterAI users, surveying 1,182 participants at baseline and 439 after a mean follow-up of 12 months. We examined how social engagement with AI companions evolves and how these longitudinal engagement patterns may influence well-being through two hypothesized pathways: sustained social engagement over time and the displacement of human social interaction. We found that interaction intensity, companionship use, and self-disclosure all showed substantial continuity over time. Greater interaction intensity at baseline predicted greater subsequent interaction intensity, companionship use, and self-disclosure. Consistent with the longitudinal engagement pathway, sustained social engagement across these dimensions was consistently associated with lower well-being. Results further support the social displacement pathway, indicating that these links were mainly explained by lower in-person social interaction. These findings highlight the importance of designing AI companions that support human social relationships without displacing them
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Living with AI Companions: Sustained AI Companionship Predicts Lower Well-Being Through Lower Human Interaction — 科研速览 Science Skim