Dinghuai Wang, Qian Zhang
In this paper, through the introduction of Lorentz--Muckenhoupt classes, we systematically investigate the boundedness of maximal operators on multiplier weighted Lorentz spaces. As applications, we give the characterization of the commutators of fractional integrals, which yields a partial answer to an open question proposed by D. Cruz-Uribe. Second, Hardy inequalities in Lorentz spaces are established, with the critical case $p=d$, in which the classical Hardy inequality fails. Finally, we apply the Lorentz estimates to fractional Schrödinger equations with singular potentials.