Neuroscience, Neurocentrism, Neuromania, and Neurophobia: When New Knowledge Challenges Established Ways of Knowing

Advances in neuroscience have transformed our understanding of the brain and human behavior, while also generating new ethical, philosophical, and social debates. This commentary explores neurocentrism, neuromania, neurophobia, and neurocriticism as contrasting perspectives on the growing influence of neuroscientific knowledge. A balanced and interdisciplinary approach is essential to avoid both reductionist interpretations and unjustified skepticism, while preserving the complexity of the human mind and promoting critical, evidence-based scientific communication.