Tom Louwerse, Rick L. van Well
There are concerns about the distinctiveness of opposition party behaviour in parliaments, but the literature offers mixed findings. This article analyses how distinctive the opposition is from the government in its voting patterns and speech-making in four parliamentary democracies (Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, United Kingdom) over a long time span (1945–-2020). Our results show a diversity of trends in opposition distinctiveness. Overall, the distinctiveness in terms of parliamentary voting behaviour increased up to the 1980s, and slightly decreased or remained stable thereafter in most countries. Opposition sentiment in speech-making follows a different pattern, where, particularly in the United Kingdom and Canada, where the increasingly positive sentiment of governing party MPs and the increasingly negative sentiment of opposition parties has further led to significant divergenceed over time. These trends in opposition distinctiveness in voting and speech-makinges are shown to be related most strongly to opposition parties’ prior governing experience, in particular in Denmark and the Netherlands.