Synchronous Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and Ipsilateral Renal Calculus in the Same Kidney: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Urolithiasis is a common urinary tract disorder in adults, yet the synchronous occurrence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and a calculus within the same kidney is seldom reported. We describe a 63-year-old man who presented with right loin pain and was found on evaluation to have RCC with an ipsilateral renal stone. Ultrasonography demonstrated a 3 cm right renal pelvic calculus, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography further revealed a 5.0 × 4.7 × 4.0 cm ipsilateral renal mass. He underwent open partial nephrectomy with concurrent pyelolithotomy, and histopathology confirmed clear-cell RCC with free surgical margins. Synchronous renal calculi and RCC are rare. Management is guided by the clinical stage of the tumor, which also determines the oncological outcome. The two conditions nonetheless share recognized risk factors, such as obesity and hypertension, and a thorough cross-sectional evaluation of patients with renal stones is warranted so that an incidental mass is not overlooked.