Mohammed Al-Rumaih, Waleed Al-Hoshan, Mansour Al-Shehri, Talal Al-Malki, Salman Al-Harbi, Abdulrahman Al-Otaibi, Meshari Al-Shayie
Traditional orthopedic trauma management has been built on standardized fracture classification, surgical fixation principles, and population-based treatment strategies. The limitations of conventional approaches, however, are revealed by persistent issues of malreduction, implant-related complications, fracture nonunion, infection, and variable functional recovery. This narrative review discusses the growing integration of advanced technologies and precision medicine in orthopedic trauma, specifically robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), three-dimensional (3D) printing, and regenerative orthobiologics. A structured literature search was conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar to find relevant studies published between 2019 and 2026. The current evidence shows that robotic and computer-assisted systems can increase surgical accuracy, implant positioning, and reduction accuracy in pelvic and spinal surgery, as well as complex fracture fixation. However, there is still no evidence for long-term clinical outcomes. The use of AI in the trauma pathway has shown promising results in fracture detection, automated segmentation, surgical planning, and predicting outcomes. At the same time, challenges remain regarding validation, interpretability, and clinical integration. 3D printing allows for the creation of patient-specific anatomical models, surgical guides, and tailored implants, enhancing preoperative planning and complex reconstruction techniques. Precision medicine strategies that incorporate biomarkers, multi-omics, mechanical phenotyping, and regenerative therapies aim to tailor fracture healing to the patient's biological capacity. While there has been significant technological advancement, the evidence is still sparse. The future of trauma care will likely be based on a more integrated approach that combines imaging, biomechanics, molecular data, and AI to create treatment pathways that are individualized, adaptive, and outcome-driven.