Oumayma Mnafe, Asmae Jamlaoui, Hicham Eddou
Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE), encompassing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a major complication in patients with hematologic malignancies and contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality. Patients with lymphoma and multiple myeloma are particularly vulnerable because of disease-related and treatment-related prothrombotic factors. Risk assessment models, including the Thrombosis in Lymphoma (ThroLy) score and the IMPEDE VTE score, have been developed to identify patients at increased thrombotic risk. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of thromboembolic events in patients with lymphoma and multiple myeloma and to evaluate the clinical applicability of these risk assessment tools in a Moroccan cohort. Methods We conducted a retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study in the Department of Clinical Hematology at Moulay Ismail Military Hospital, Meknes, Morocco, between September 2023 and September 2025. A total of 141 patients were included, comprising 72 patients with lymphoma and 69 patients with multiple myeloma. Clinical, demographic, treatment-related, and thrombotic data were collected from medical records. Thrombotic risk was assessed at diagnosis using the ThroLy score in patients with lymphoma and the IMPEDE VTE score in patients with multiple myeloma. Results Among the 141 patients included, 22 patients developed VTE, accounting for a total of 24 thrombotic events, as two patients experienced recurrent VTE during follow-up. The mean age of patients with thrombosis was 51 years, and 15 of the 22 patients (68.2%) were men. Proximal DVT represented 23 of 24 thrombotic events (95.8%), while PE was documented in 2 of 24 events (8.3%). Central venous catheterization was the most frequently identified associated factor, observed in eight patients (36.4%), followed by corticosteroid therapy in four patients (22.2%) and erythropoietin exposure in two patients (11.1%). In the lymphoma cohort, a high ThroLy score was significantly associated with thrombosis (p < 0.001). In the multiple myeloma cohort, 85.7% of patients who developed thrombosis were classified as high risk according to the IMPEDE VTE score. Conclusions VTE remains a frequent complication among patients with hematologic malignancies. The ThroLy and IMPEDE VTE scores demonstrated clinical utility for identifying patients at increased thrombotic risk. Their systematic implementation may improve risk stratification and support personalized thromboprophylaxis strategies in routine hematology practice.