The Urgent Need to Address Modifiable Risk Factors to Prevent Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer in Mexico.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and has traditionally been considered a disease of older adults. However, in recent decades, there has been a sustained increase in incidence and mortality among younger populations, particularly in low- and middle-income regions such as Latin America. This article aims to provide an updated overview of CRC epidemiology in Mexico, with emphasis on early-onset disease and modifiable lifestyle-related risk factors. A narrative review of epidemiological studies, population-based reports, and regional case-control analyses was conducted. The reported evidence demonstrates a marked increase in CRC incidence and mortality in Mexico over the last two decades, with a disproportionate impact on adults under 50 years of age. Obesity, sedentary behavior, high intake of red, pork, and processed meats, alcohol consumption, and smoking were consistently associated with increased CRC risk, while diets rich in fiber, fruits, and physical activity showed protective effects. In conclusion, CRC in Mexico reflects an epidemiological transition driven largely by lifestyle changes and social inequities. Addressing modifiable risk factors through prevention strategies and public health policies is essential to curb the rising burden of CRC, particularly among younger and economically active populations.