Sleep Deprivation and Its Impact on Cognitive Function and Academic Success in Health Sciences Students at Umm Al-Qura University

Background Sleep deprivation is a growing concern among students, particularly in demanding fields such as health sciences, where it can impair cognitive function and academic performance. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of sleep deprivation and its impact on health sciences students at Umm Al-Qura University. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted during the 2024-2025 academic year, involving 211 undergraduate health sciences students. Data were collected through an online questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, sleep patterns, academic performance, stress levels, and electronic device use. Statistical analyses included independent t-tests, chi-square tests, and regression analyses to evaluate associations between sleep quality and academic outcomes. Results Among the participants, 102 (48.3%) reported difficulty sleeping. Poor sleep quality was significantly associated with shorter sleep duration, longer sleep latency, and irregular sleep schedules. Students with sleep difficulties were more likely to use digital devices before bedtime (72 (70.6%) vs. 56 (51.4%); p = 0.007) and to feel less refreshed upon waking (p = 0.001). Poor sleep quality scores were also significantly associated with poorer academic performance (p = 0.018), higher stress levels (p = 0.022), and difficulty completing academic tasks on time (p = 0.0039). Notably, 82 participants (38.86%) lacked awareness of recommended sleep duration. Conclusion This study highlights the high prevalence of sleep deprivation among health sciences students. Although sleep difficulties were commonly reported, the findings showed mixed associations with academic performance. Interventions focusing on reducing screen time, managing stress, and improving sleep education are recommended to enhance sleep quality. Addressing sleep deprivation is essential for improving student well-being and supporting academic success.