Gut Metabolite Indoleacrylic Acid Suppresses Osteoclast Formation by AHR mediated NF-κB Signaling Pathway

, daily IA supplementation protected mice against OVX-induced bone loss, with higher PINP and lower CTX-1 levels. Taken together, these findings identified IA as a promising therapeutic candidate capable of suppressing osteoclastogenesis through an AhR-dependent mechanism, providing mechanistic insight and a potential strategy for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.