Silas Antônio Pereira, André Wilian Lozano, Wagner Rafael da Silva, Sonia Maria Carneiro de Morais Franco, Amanda Oliva Spaziani, Paula Carolina Mariano Carvalho, Raquel Santana Rocha Quadros, Deniz Neves Melo, Emilly Lemos Coutinho, Carolina Andrea Santos, Evellyn Lemos Coutinho, José Vitor Furuya De Lima, Marli dos Santos Rosa Moretti, Vinicius de Lima Lovadini
Sexually transmitted infections remain a major public health problem, with particular relevance during adolescence, a life stage marked by biological, social, and programmatic vulnerabilities. Among these infections, syphilis continues to show high epidemiological magnitude in Brazil and worldwide, requiring articulated responses involving surveillance, health care, and health education. This is a narrative review with updated epidemiological data and incorporation of recent evidence on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and sexual education in adolescence. The objective was to analyze how educational strategies can contribute to syphilis control among adolescents. The findings indicate that comprehensive, scientifically grounded, and culturally sensitive educational interventions increase knowledge, correct misconceptions, promote condom use, improve the search for testing, and strengthen decision-making in sexual health. It is concluded that confronting syphilis in adolescence depends on the integration of comprehensive sexuality education, adolescent-friendly health services, timely testing, adequate treatment, and intersectoral participation.