A Comprehensive Review of Intranasal Therapy for Acute Migraine Overall Assessment

Migraine is a debilitating neurological condition marked by recurrent episodes of intense headache frequently accompanied by nausea, vomiting and sensory abnormalities. Even though there are many therapy options, many patients are still unhappy since the results take too long to kick in, they have gastrointestinal side effects and they do not follow the instructions. The intranasal route has garnered considerable interest for acute migraine treatment because of its quick absorption, avoidance of first-pass metabolism and provision of a non-invasive option for individuals with gastrointestinal issues. Triptans, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) and new small-molecule antagonists are only a few of the pharmaceuticals that have been made into intranasal delivery methods. In recent years, polyherbal and innovative formulation strategies have been investigated to improve therapeutic efficacy and patient convenience. This review gives a full picture of the pathophysiology of migraines, the intranasal therapies currently available, herbal-based techniques, formulation tactics, mechanisms of intranasal drug administration, the benefits and drawbacks of this rapidly evolving sector and what the future holds for it.