Investigation of the Electrochemical Behavior of Sunset Yellow on a Glassy Carbon Electrode and Optimization of Voltammetric Parameters for the Sensitive Determination of Sunset Yellow Using Response Surface Methodology

Sunset Yellow (SY) is a substance that is widely used in food products, but its use in high amounts causes anxiety, eczema, cancer, renal failure, migraine, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), immunosuppression, diarrhea, allergy, and hepatocellular damage. Therefore, it is important to develop a method for sensitive determination of SY. In this study, the oxidation peak on the surface of the GC electrode was used for the sensitive determination of SY by electrochemical method. The effects of different support electrolyte solution media and the pH value of the support electrolyte solution on the oxidation peak current of SY were investigated. The pH 1.0 H2SO4 solution, where the largest peak current was obtained, was determined as the most suitable support electrolyte media. In addition, the electrochemical behavior of SY on the GC electrode surface was investigated by scan rate study. Using the obtained data, the mechanism of the SY redox process was proposed. Furthermore, it was determined that square wave voltammetry (SWV) is the most suitable voltammetric technique for determining SY on the GC electrode surface. SWV parameter optimization for electrochemical determination of SY was done using response surface methodology (RSM) by the Box-Behnken method. Based on the obtained results, the optimal SWV parameters were determined to be 76.222 mV for pulse amplitude (A), 77.822 Hz for frequency (B), and 7.623 mV for potential step (C).