Contemporary Significance of Fairs and Festivals in Bathinda and Mansa Districts: A Historical and Socio-Cultural Study

Fairs and festivals are an integral part of Punjab's cultural heritage and play a significant role in preserving its historical traditions, social values, and collective identity. This paper examines the contemporary significance of fairs and festivals in the districts of Bathinda and Mansa from historical and socio-cultural perspectives. The study adopts a historical and descriptive research methodology using both primary and secondary sources, including field observations, books, journals, and government records. It explores the role of these events in promoting community participation, preserving folk culture, encouraging tourism, and supporting the local economy. The paper also analyses the impact of modernization, globalization, commercialization, and digital media on traditional practices. The study finds that although fairs and festivals have undergone considerable transformation, they continue to strengthen social harmony, cultural continuity, and regional identity. It concludes that preserving these traditions requires active community participation, government support, and sustainable heritage conservation strategies for future generations.