ShiYu Wang
This research investigates the perceptions and utilization of the New Rural Social Pension System (NRSP) among the rural elderly in Southwest China, with a particular focus on how their legal consciousness and lived experiences shape these interactions. Addressing a significant gap in understanding the nuanced reception of national welfare policies within specific regional and demographic contexts, this study employs a qualitative methodology, integrating semi-structured interviews and ethnographic observations. The research explores the multifaceted nature of legal consciousness among this marginalized group, examining their understanding of rights, obligations, and the perceived role of law in relation to the NRSP. Findings reveal that perceptions of the NRSP are significantly influenced by factors beyond formal policy provisions, including trust in government institutions, past experiences with social welfare, and the perceived fairness and accessibility of the system. Utilization patterns are found to be complex, shaped by individual agency, family support, community norms, and practical barriers in application and withdrawal processes. The study highlights a distinct disconnect between the intended benefits of the NRSP and the lived realities of the rural elderly in Southwest China, often stemming from socio-economic challenges, limited access to information, and geographical isolation. By connecting legal consciousness directly to policy perception and utilization, this research offers context-specific insights into the effectiveness and inclusivity of the NRSP in Southwest China, providing actionable recommendations for enhancing its accessibility and responsiveness to the needs of its most vulnerable beneficiaries.