Antimicrobial and antifungal efficacy of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Xanthium strumarium leaf extract.

INTRODUCTION: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are unique in their physical, chemical, and biological properties. AgNPs can be synthesized through several methods including chemical, physical, or biological. Due to eco-friendly approach and use of natural reducing agent, biological or green synthesis is more popular. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Xanthium strumarium leaf extract, and explore their antimicrobial, and antifungal properties. METHODS: UV-Visible spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was used for nanoparticles characterization. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the synthesized nanoparticles were performed. RESULTS: The bioactive compounds in the extract acted as natural reducing and stabilizing agents for AgNPs synthesis. The synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed by UV-Visible spectroscopy with a characteristic absorbance peak at 400-450 nm. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed spherical nanoparticles ranging from 10-100 nm with uniform size distribution. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, as well as antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the dual role of Xanthium strumarium as a synthesizing agent and a source of therapeutic potential, demonstrating its eco-friendly application in nanotechnology for biomedical and agricultural use.