ROLE OF NANO-BIOINOCULANTS IN SMART FARMING: BRIDGING NANOTECHNOLOGY, FOOD SECURITY, AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

Nano-bioinoculants (NBIs) are one such development in the sphere of sustainable agriculture, which combines the accuracy of nanotechnology with long-established effectiveness of microbial inoculants to solve enduring challenges in food production.The current paper will provide a brief description of the functioning of NBI in the framework of modern smart agricultural systems and define their mechanistic principles, methods of using the technology in the fields, and their ability to improve the crop yields and reduce the environmental footprint.NBIs have been used to enhance the security and usefulness of useful microorganisms, delivery-targeted to plant roots, and strengthened plant physiology under unfavorable environmental circumstances by nano-encapsulating and advanced formulation methods.They have been used in the management of nutrients, suppressing diseases and in the management of abiotic stresses like drought and salinity.In spite of these benefits, it is not widely adopted as there are safety issues, regulatory issues, and economic issues that are especially difficult on the part of smallholder farmers.Recent advances, such as the optimization of NBI formulations using available data, the application of gene-edited microbial strains, and the necessity of uniform regulations and responsible use around the world are also discussed.The combination of technologies and ecological farming methods is a viable solution to achieve sustainable agricultural development in the face of increasing food demand and fluctuations in climate.