Kacper Kajda, Janusz Karwot
The topic’s relevance is related to the need to improve the efficiency of municipal waste management in the context of the development of Industry 4.0, where artificial intelligence (AI) can play a key role in optimizing the processes of sorting, collecting, and recycling waste. The purpose of the study is to study the potential of AI to improve environmental and operational indicators in the field of waste management, as well as to test hypotheses regarding the impact of AI on reducing costs, increasing efficiency, and reducing environmental burden. The survey was conducted online in 2024 among 78 respondents from different countries, mainly from Europe, with experience or interest in AI, machine learning, logistics, and ecology. The sample was representative in terms of age, education, and gender, guaranteeing the data’s reliability. Statistical methods of descriptive statistics and analysis of variations using SPSS and Excel software products were used to process the results. The results showed that 78% of respondents confirmed the ability of AI to reduce waste management costs, 59% recognized the most significant benefits in waste sorting and recycling, and 51% noted the effectiveness of AI in optimizing collection routes. A substantial part of the respondents believe that AI contributes to reducing emissions and increasing recycling rates. The study hypotheses were confirmed, except for some that noted challenges in implementation due to financial and personnel constraints. The article opens prospects for further research in integrating machine learning with Internet of Things and blockchain technologies to create more efficient and sustainable waste management systems.