ԱՊՕՐԻՆԻ ՀԱՐՍՏԱՑՄԱՆ ԱՌՆՉՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ՀԱՆՑԱՎՈՐ ՃԱՆԱՊԱՐՀՈՎ ՁԵՌՔ ԲԵՐՎԱԾ ԳՈՒՅՔԻ ԲՌՆԱԳՐԱՎՄԱՆ ԻՆՍՏԻՏՈՒՏԻ ՀԵՏ

The confiscation of property obtained through criminal means is an important legal instrument in combating corruption and organized crime, through which the state is able to recover property or other material benefits derived from criminal activity. In recent years, alongside criminal-law regulation, civil-law mechanisms aimed at the confiscation of property of illicit origin have also been introduced into the legal system. This article analyzes the development of the institution of asset confiscation and its current manifestations, with particular attention to the relationship between criminal law and civil law mechanisms. As a result, the main criteria for distinguishing these mechanisms are identified, and it is shown that the civil-law mechanism complements the criminal-law one, while simultaneously ensuring the preservation of constitutional guarantees of property rights and enhancing the effectiveness of combating illegal enrichment.