ՊԱՏԳԱՄԱՎՈՐԻՆ ԱՆՁԵՌՆՄԽԵԼԻՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԻՑ ԶՐԿԵԼԻՍ ՓԱՍՏԱԲԱՆԻ ՄԱՍՆԱԿՑՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ՊԱՐՏԱԴԻՐ ՀԱՄԱՐԵԼՈՒ, ԱՅԴ ԱՌՆՉՈՒԹՅԱՄԲ ՄԻՋԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ՊՐԱԿՏԻԿԱՅԻ ԻՐԱՎԱՀԱՄԵՄԱՏԱԿԱՆ ՎԵՐԼՈՒԾՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԱՐԴՅՈՒՆՔՆԵՐԻ ՄԱՍԻՆ

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that in modern democratic states, immunity is viewed as a functional guarantee, not a personal privilege, and the international trend is toward limiting it and strengthening accountability. Members of parliament (MPs) enjoy a special legal status, one of the most important elements of which is parliamentary immunity. At the same time, modern constitutional states uphold the principle of equality before the law. Sometimes a conflict arises between these two principles. If MPs enjoy broad immunity, the risk of impunity may arise, while if the immunity is too limited, legal or political persecution may ensue. Therefore, states seek balanced solutions to ensure both the independence of parliamentarians and the effective administration of justice. The article proposes enshrining in constitutional law a provision stipulating that, when considering the waiver of immunity, the participation of a lawyer (defense counsel) as a counterweight to the prosecutor presenting the petition to parliament, at the member’s discretion, should be considered mandatory. This not only complies with international practice but also serves as a guarantee of “equality of arms” and balance.