Novel cardiac biomarkers (serum S100A12 (Calgranulin C), FSTL1 (Follistatin-like 1), and osteocalcin) in patients with acute chest pain.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the role of novel cardiac biomarkers S100A12 (Calgranulin C), FSTL1 (Follistatin-like 1), and osteocalcin in patients with acute chest pain (ACP) and evaluate their modulation by optimised emergency care protocols. METHODS: A cohort of 116 ACP patients was divided into a research group (RG, n = 58) receiving optimised emergency care and a control group (CG, n = 58) receiving standard care. Serum levels of traditional biomarkers (troponin I, creatine kinase-MB [CK-MB], C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and novel biomarkers (S100A12, FSTL1, osteocalcin) were measured at baseline and post-intervention. Clinical outcomes, including triage time, hospital stay, and adverse events, were assessed to correlate with biochemical changes. RESULTS: The RG exhibited significantly lower serum levels of troponin I, CK-MB, CRP, IL-6, S100A12, and FSTL1 post-intervention compared to the CG (P< 0.05), indicating reduced myocardial injury and inflammation. Osteocalcin levels were higher in the RG (P< 0.05), suggesting improved vascular and metabolic function. Clinically, the RG showed shorter triage times, reduced hospital stays, and lower adverse event rates (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Optimised emergency care modulates novel biomarkers S100A12, FSTL1, and osteocalcin, alongside traditional markers, reflecting reduced cardiac stress and inflammation in ACP patients. These findings suggest a biochemical basis for improved clinical outcomes and highlight the potential of these biomarkers as diagnostic and prognostic tools in ACP management.