Raymond AMONA Fulgence, Magloire Anicet BOUMBA Luc, Loubano-Voumbi Ghislain, Michel Emmanuel MBOUNGOU MALONGA Archange, Launay Gerald MISSAMOU Evrard, KOUEYI ESSOVIA Brunelle, Sophie KOMBO BAYONNE Edith, MOUKASSA Donatien, Antoine Abena Ange
Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a major public health concern in Africa, with noroviruses (NoV) recognized as the predominant viral etiological agents. However, their epidemiological impact remains underreported in the Republic of Congo, particularly in Brazzaville. This study aimed to determine the molecular prevalence of NoV among children presenting with AGE, identify the circulating genogroups, and evaluate associated sociodemographic and clinical factors. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from June to November 2020 at the University Hospital Center of Brazzaville. Fifty children aged 28 days to 17 years presenting with AGE were enrolled. Stool samples were analyzed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect viral RNA and differentiate between GI and GII genogroups. Eighty percent were aged ≤5 years. The overall prevalence of NoV infection was 44%, with GII (73%) predominating over GI (18%). GI/GII co-infections were detected in 9% of cases. Clinically, fever was reported in 80% of cases, increased stool frequency in 86%, and dehydration was observed in all participants (100%). A significant association was observed between age and NoV genogroup distribution (p = 0.03), with GII being more prevalent among children aged ≤5 years. However, clinical manifestations did not differ significantly between genogroups (p > 0.05). Norovirus represents an important cause of pediatric AGE in Brazzaville. Socioeconomic conditions and inadequate hygiene practices appear to play significant roles in NoV transmission.The integration of molecular diagnostic approaches into national surveillance programs and the strengthening of sanitation measures are recommended to improve prevention and control strategies. Key words: Norovirus, acute gastroenteritis, molecular epidemiology, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Congo.