Andrew I Spielman
Herbal plants were an essential component of the healing process in ancient medicine. Although only limited evidence documents the practice of dental extractions, a review of major medical works from ancient Greece and Rome demonstrates that conservative approaches predominated. A survey of the work of Celsus, Scribonius Largus, Dioscorides, Galen, Oribasius, and Aurelianus show that numerous plants-such as Hyoscyamus, mandragora, poppy, gall, pine, and pomegranate-were frequently employed to treat dental pain and gingival inflammation. These same herbal remedies reappeared throughout the medieval period, and many continue to be used in various forms today.