Methodology of Geodetic Observations for Forecasting of Potentially Hazardous Zones of Operating Main Pipelines

The article is devoted to the analysis of modern methods of monitoring main pipelines used to identify dangerous deformation processes that can disrupt the integrity of the pipeline. The paper discusses technologies for in-line inspection, fiber-optic sensors, and highly accurate geodetic observations using an electronic total station, satellite positioning systems, and radar interferometry (InSAR). Special attention is paid to integrated approaches, including a set of methods that allow automated data collection and processing using machine learning algorithms. A two-stage monitoring is proposed: regional, including the zoning of vast territories according to the degree of risk, taking into account natural and climatic conditions, man-made factors, and local, based on the analysis of deformations of the «ground surface – pipeline» system, performed through observations of points of geodetic deformation networks. The key advantages of the approach are adaptability to various operating conditions, optimization of resource intensity and early warning of defects.