Applicability of STEAM+X Approach in Early Childhood Education: Teacher Needs Analysis

In this study, the needs of preschool teachers were analyzed to determine the applicability of STEAM+X approach in early childhood education. The study was conducted within the framework of the case study model, one of the qualitative research methods. The study group consisted of 16 preschool teachers working in independent preschools or kindergartens within primary schools affiliated to the Ministry of National Education in the 2024-2025 academic year. As a data collection tool, the "Applicability of STEAM+X Approach in Early Childhood Education: Teacher Needs Analysis SWOT Form" developed by the researchers was used. The data obtained were evaluated by content analysis method through MAXQDA program. The findings of the study revealed that teachers have a conceptual understanding of STEAM fields, use various methods and techniques effectively in educational processes, integrate technological tools in their classrooms, and are open to innovative approaches. However, it was determined that they lacked experience in implementing STEAM practices in the classroom, there was a lack of materials, the physical and infrastructural facilities of the school were limited, the administration and parental support were insufficient, guidance mechanisms were lacking, and mixed age groups made applicability difficult. Among the main threats preventing the adoption of the STEAM+X approach, teachers emphasized the need to raise awareness of parents, insufficient school resources, intense workload and time constraints, lack of access to technology, and lack of knowledge about the STEAM+X approach. On the other hand, within the scope of opportunities related to STEAM education, teachers stated that some STEAM materials are available at the institutional level and that they can benefit from online resources, in-service trainings and academic publications. However, it was also found that they did not have sufficient knowledge on how to effectively select and evaluate these resources. Accordingly, it was determined that teachers should be supported in integrating the STEAM+X approach into the preschool education program, developing applications with different methods and techniques, and using this approach as an effective tool. As a result, it was revealed that it is necessary to develop practice-based programs based on the STEAM+X approach to guide teachers and to expand teacher trainings.