Prevalence of Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome in Children with Orofacial Malocclusion in Bengaluru Urban District: An Observational Study.

BACKGROUND: The hallmark signs of upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) include increased breathing effort, frequent arousals during sleep, and daytime drowsiness without noticeable problems with oxygenation or airflow. It may involve craniofacial traits such as a long face, small mouth, retrognathia, nasal obstruction, narrow throat, and high palate and primarily affects young, thin people who suffer from insomnia. UARS causes fatigue by interfering with sleep. Due to airway obstruction, mouth breathing in children can cause Class II Division 1 malocclusion and a V-shaped maxillary arch. AIM: To assess the prevalence of UARS in children with orofacial malocclusion in Bengaluru Urban District. METHODS: The study included a total of 50 participants aged 8-14 years, equally divided into a case group and a control group. (1) UARS was determined using diagnostic tests such as the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) and by evaluating daytime sleepiness with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). (2) The patient's facial profile was assessed, and all children underwent a dental examination based on canine relationship, presence or absence of posterior crossbite, amount of overjet and overbite. Palatal morphology, neck circumference, and uvula were also assessed. RESULTS: The prevalence of UARS was significantly higher in the malocclusion group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Class II malocclusion, constricted maxillary arches, and retrognathic mandibles were significantly associated with increased UARS indicators. CONCLUSION: The study highlights a significant association between orofacial malocclusion and UARS in children. Early orthodontic screening and interdisciplinary intervention may play a critical role in identifying and managing UARS in pediatric populations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study highlights the need for early detection and management of orofacial malocclusions to prevent UARS, with orthodontic interventions such as rapid maxillary expansion improving airway patency. A multidisciplinary approach involving orthodontists, pediatricians, and otolaryngologists is essential for effective care. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Desai SP, Gaviappa D, Ramu SA et al. Prevalence of Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome in Children with Orofacial Malocclusion in Bengaluru Urban District: An Observational Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2026;19(8):1054-1059.