Design and Development of a Solar-Powered Multi-Spectral LED Lighting System Integrated with IoT for Synthesis Cultivation

The development of sustainable cultivation technologies has increased the demand for energy-efficient lighting systems integrated with intelligent monitoring platforms. This study presents the design and development of a solar-powered multi-spectral LED lighting system integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT) for synthesis cultivation. The proposed system consists of a 50 Wp photovoltaic module, a solar charge controller, a 12 V battery, an ESP32 microcontroller, six spectral LED modules (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet), temperature and pH sensors, and a ThingsBoard cloud platform for real-time monitoring. Environmental data were acquired continuously and transmitted using protocol. System performance was evaluated in terms of renewable energy utilization, illumination stability, environmental monitoring, communication reliability, and electrical energy consumption. Experimental results demonstrated that the photovoltaic subsystem provided stable electrical power for continuous operation of the lighting and monitoring system. The IoT communication achieved a transmission success rate of 98.6% with an average latency of 1.8 s, while the cloud dashboard enabled real-time visualization of cultivation parameters. The developed prototype successfully integrated renewable energy, multi-spectral LED illumination, and cloud-based monitoring into a compact and scalable platform.