Normative Design of Legal Enforcement for Protected Biodiversity in Papua

Indonesia is recognized as a mega-biodiversity country with Papua as one of its most critical regions due to its high concentration of endemic species and ecological importance. Despite the existence of legal frameworks regulating biodiversity protection, legal enforcement in Papua remains weak and inconsistent. This study aims to analyse the problems of legal enforcement in protected biodiversity in Papua and to formulate a normative design based on legal certainty. This research applies a normative legal method with statutory and conceptual approaches, using primary legal materials such as legislation and international instruments, as well as secondary materials including scientific literature and institutional reports. The findings show that weak enforcement is caused by regulatory disharmony, fragmented institutional authority, geographical constraints, and legal ambiguity in the interaction between national law and indigenous practices. These conditions indicate that existing regulations have not been supported by a coherent enforcement framework. The novelty of this research lies in the formulation of a normative design that emphasizes regulatory harmonization, clarification of institutional authority, integration of enforcement procedures, and differentiation between traditional use and illegal exploitation. This design aims to strengthen legal certainty and improve the effectiveness of biodiversity protection in Papua by creating a more structured, consistent, and context-sensitive enforcement system.