Comparative Analysis of Conventional and Modern Control Techniques in PMSM Systems

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) are indispensable components of modern industrial systems, electric vehicles and renewable energy infrastructures due to their high efficiency, power density, wide speed range and superior torque to inertia ratio. However, maximizing the dynamic performance and energy efficiency of these machines requires advanced control strategies that offer robust stability against variable loads, parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. Furthermore, the inherent nonlinearities of PMSMs, such as magnetic saturation and cross-coupling effects, complicate the design of precise tracking controllers. To address this, this study provides a comprehensive theoretical review of both fundamental and contemporary control techniques for PMSMs. Conventional methods, including Scalar Control (V/f), Field-Oriented Control (FOC) and Direct Torque Control (DTC), are systematically classified alongside recent adaptive, intelligent and robust control approaches. These methodologies are comparatively evaluated based on critical performance criteria, including dynamic response, torque ripple mitigation, computational burden, implementation complexity and parameter sensitivity. By synthesizing these existing frameworks, this research establishes a solid theoretical foundation for future control strategy development, ultimately guiding researchers in designing high-performance, next-generation motor drive architectures.