Community Diagnosis of a Rural Indian Village Using Participatory Rural Appraisal: Identifying Social Determinants of Health through Community-Centred Qualitative Methods

Background: A comprehensive understanding of community health, particularly in rural settings, requires integrating the perspectives of residents. This study aimed to conduct a community diagnosis from the locals' viewpoint in a rural Indian village to identify social determinants of health that could be modified to improve well-being and to explore community-identified health assets alongside existing challenges. Methods: This 2-month qualitative study in Babhulgaon village utilised Participatory Rural Appraisal tools (village mapping, transect walks) with ~20 participants, and in-depth interviews (n=3). Purposively selected participants included farmers, the sarpanch, pregnant women, and elderly residents. Data underwent thematic analysis with methodological triangulation. Results: Key findings highlighted community-led health assets, notably the farmer-initiated "Kiran Clinic," and collective aspirations for chemical-free farming. While demonstrating social cohesion, the community faces significant challenges, including poor roads, open defecation, contaminated water, and education limited to the 7th standard. Conclusion: Incorporating community-driven health assets into formal local governance and health policies is vital. Future public health practice should prioritize participatory, multisectoral interventions to bridge critical infrastructure and sanitation gaps, thereby strengthening rural health systems and promoting sustainable health equity.