Abuses produce similar psychological effects in survivors of high control groups and survivors of sex trafficking: A comparative study

This article is the first of two related projects. It examines the characteristics of high control groups (HCGs) and sex trafficking (ST), with emphasis on definitions, alignment with Lifton’s criteria of thought reform, typical identity progression of members, and trauma bonds. The manuscript then compares HCGs and ST and examines similarities related to Lifton’s criteria, identity progression, trauma bonds, and the financial, social, and psychological factors involved in recruitment into HCGs or ST. These similarities in experiences, tactics, bonds, and neurological and hormonal factors justify the forthcoming second part of this project, which will recommend similar therapeutic approaches to survivors of both abusive contexts.