Capturing Change in a Rapidly Evolving World: A Composite Longitudinal Analysis Framework for Theorizing, Modeling, and Analyzing Change Using PLS-SEM

Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) serves as a longitudinal research tool for elucidating individual developments from various perspectives. However, much of the literature in this domain compares cross-sectional designs rather than examining the changes of interest. This oversight stems from the lack of clear guidelines for applying PLS-SEM in this context. We present a methodological framework for the effective use of PLS-SEM to model growth and development processes and an example of its application. Our guidelines will help scholars develop meaningful hypotheses, build models addressing construct changes over time, apply PLS path-modeling techniques to evaluate the models, and ultimately gain a deeper understanding of the nature of change.