Exploring the Interplay of Sequential Ambidexterity, Dynamic Capabilities and Performance amongst Chartered Private Universities in Kenya

Higher education institutions worldwide face increasing pressure to balance innovation with operational efficiency to remain competitive in dynamic environments. This study examines the effect of Sequential Ambidexterity (SEQ) on the performance of chartered private universities in Kenya and assesses the moderating role of Dynamic Capabilities (DC) in this relationship. Using a cross-sectional survey design, the study collected primary data from 195 senior academic and administrative managers purposively selected across 27 chartered private universities in Kenya. Data was analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results show that SEQ has a positive and significant relationship with the perceived performance of Kenyan private universities (β = 0.422, p < 0.001), while DC also has a positive and significant effect (β = 0.387, p < 0.001). In addition, DC significantly moderates the relationship between SEQ and performance (β = 0.085, p = 0.026), indicating an enhancing moderating effect. The model demonstrates substantial explanatory power (R² = 0.49), while the interaction effect shows a small effect size (f² = 0.021). It is concluded that SEQ is positively associated with the perceived performance of private universities in Kenya, and this relationship is strengthened in institutions with higher levels of DC. This suggests that universities can derive greater benefits from SEQ by leveraging their DC. Therefore, chartered private universities in Kenya should emphasise the development of SEQ practices alongside strengthening DC across all institutional processes. Future studies should employ longitudinal designs and incorporate objective, multi-source data.