Towards Environmental Sustainability: Evaluating the Role of Energy Consumption and Urbanization on Carbon Emission in Nigeria (1990-2023)

For many years, the impact of energy use and urbanization on carbon emissions has been the subject of research. Sequel to this, this study examines the roles of energy consumption and urbanization on carbon emissions in Nigeria using ARDL techniques. The findings show that there is a statistically significant direct association between energy use and CO2 emissions in the short and long run. This indicates that Nigeria's carbon emissions increase largely via energy consumption. Carbon emissions are also positively impacted by an increase in foreign direct investment. Nigeria's carbon dioxide emissions are rising because of increased foreign investment. The study recommends that governments should take steps to support sustainable urban development, such as encouraging public transit, expanding green areas, and supporting energy-efficient building techniques.