HPV infection and its significance in the development and prevention of cervical cancer.

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease associated with the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. HPV types are classified as high-risk due to their ability to induce malignant transformation of epithelial cells. These oncogenic variants are considered the main etiological factor in the development of cervical cancer. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the review article is to summarize current knowledge on the importance of early diagnosis of HPV infection in the context of prevention and early detection of cervical cancer. Special attention is paid to the multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment. The review article highlights the importance of comprehensive diagnostics based on a combination of cytological, molecular-biological and visual methods, as well as current trends in the field of prevention, including HPV self-collection tests and prophylactic vaccination. CONCLUSION: A comprehensive strategy for early diagnosis of HPV infections, including the use of modern molecular-biological diagnostic methods, organized screening, and prophylactic vaccination, has been shown to reduce the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. The application of an integrated and multidisciplinary approach increases the effectiveness of preventive measures and is a key prerequisite for further improvement of public health outcomes.