Deciphering the Role of Demographic and Its Associated Factors at Different Strategies of Breast Cancer

Background: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Objective: To evaluate the role of demographic characteristics and associated factors across different clinical and risk profiles in patients with breast cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at IMBB, the university of Lahore during September 2024 to September 2025. A total of 158 female patients diagnosed with breast cancer were included using non-probability consecutive sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and medical record review, including demographic variables, reproductive history, lifestyle factors, and clinical characteristics such as TNM staging and recurrence. Results: The mean age of participants was 54.01 ± 16.65 years. Left-sided breast cancer was more common (56.3%). Most patients presented at Stage II (45.6%) and Stage III (33.5%), with recurrence observed in 34.2% of cases. Overweight and obesity were prevalent in 76.6% of patients. A majority belonged to the middle socioeconomic class (54.4%) and had low educational levels. Reproductive factors showed high parity, with 46.8% having three pregnancies, while miscarriage (92.4%) and abortion (74.7%) histories were notably high. Lifestyle factors revealed high rates of smoking (53.2%), low physical activity (61.4%), and frequent fast-food intake (70.3%). Contraceptive use was reported in 71.5% of patients, and all participants had exposure to paraben-containing products. Conclusion: It is concluded that breast cancer is influenced by a multifactorial interplay of demographic, reproductive, lifestyle, and environmental factors.