Andrea Carolina Gasca Sánchez, Francisco Tripp Villanueva, Dra. Gloria Madrid Valero
Melanoma represents one of the most aggressive cutaneous malignancies. For the year 2024 in the United States, an estimated incidence of approximately 100,640 new cases and 8,290 deaths annually was reported; furthermore, it is projected to become the second most common cancer by 2040 [1]. This pathology exhibits an overall recurrence rate of 10.6%, regardless of the initial clinical stage, up to 30% of relapses occur within the first three years of diagnosis, 81% within five years, and 60% present as distant metastases[2] The most frequent secondary sites are lung (30.7-47.4%), liver ( 13.9 -21.3%), bone (15.7%), and the central nervous system (10.8-31.6%). In contrast, bone marrow infiltration is an extraordinarily rare event, reported in a mere 5% to 7% of metastatic cases [3].