Invasive insect pests of introduced plants of the “Olexandria” Dendrological Park. Report 5: Notes on the biology of Pineus pineoides (Cholodkovsky, 1907) (Hemiptera, Adelgidae), a pest of Norway spruce

The article describes the biological characteristics of Pineus pineoides, an invasive species that entered the “Olexandria” Dendrological Park during the introduction of Norway spruce (Picea abies). Data on phenology, feeding activity, number of generations, and life cycle pattern of this pest are provided. The existence of summer diapause in the life cycle of this species is reported for the first time. A name is proposed for the morph and its variations that appear in the seasonal development cycle of P. pineoides.