Effect of screen time and refractive errors on subjective and objective assessment of dry eye disease in young female subjects.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the independent and combined effects of refractive errors (REs) and screen time on dry eye disease (DED) in young Saudi females. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 61 female students aged 18-26 years. Participants completed ocular surface index (OSDI) questionnaires and underwent RE measurement using an autorefractor/keratometer (NIDEK ARK-500A). Dry eye assessments included Schirmer's test for tear production and tear breakup time (TBUT) for tear film stability. Pearson's correlation and two-way ANOVA were used to analyze the relationships between RE, screen time duration, and DED parameters. RESULTS: Screen time duration showed no significant associations with dry eye parameters, including OSDI (P = 0.14), Schirmer's test (P = 0.32), and TBUT (P = 0.70). In contrast, REs demonstrated a significant association with TBUT (P = 0.0014), while associations with OSDI (P = 0.49) and Schirmer's test (P = 0.97) were nonsignificant. This highlights a potential link between refractive status and tear film instability. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that REs may contribute to tear film instability, while screen time alone does not significantly affect dry eye symptoms or objective tear function. Further research is needed to enhance our understanding of DED risk factors in young adults.