Evaluation of cytotoxicity, setting time, and mineralization potential of mineral trioxide aggregate with Nigella sativa aqueous extract: An in vitro study.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of different concentrations of Nigella sativa (NS) aqueous extract on the cytotoxicity, setting time, and mineralization potential of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in vitro study, three groups were evaluated: MTA + 30% NS (Group A), MTA + 50% NS (Group B), and MTA alone (Group C). Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay on MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. Setting time was measured using the Gillmore needle test according to the ISO 6876 standards. Mineralization was evaluated using Alizarin Red S staining. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The addition of NS improved cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, with Group B showing the highest viability. Both NS groups demonstrated reduced initial and final setting times compared to MTA alone. Mineralization was significantly enhanced in NS groups, particularly in Group B. CONCLUSION: Incorporation of NS, especially at 50%, enhances the biocompatibility, accelerates the setting time, and improves the mineralization potential of MTA, suggesting its potential as a beneficial modification for endodontic applications.