A comparative study of gross anatomical variations in human cadaveric specimens.

The prevalence and distribution of gross anatomical variations in human cadavers remain inadequately documented despite their clinical significance. Hence, this study examined 40 human cadavers over four years to identify and compare anatomical variations observed during routine dissection. Variations were assessed across major organ systems with emphasis on vascular branching patterns, muscular anomalies and nerve distributions. Approximately 35-40% of specimens showed at least one variation, most commonly involving vascular structures followed by muscles and nerves. Thus, we show anatomical variation patterns across systems, supporting improved surgical planning and reinforcing cadaveric dissection as essential for clinical training.