Prevalence and Determinants of Poor Sleep Quality among Undergraduate College Students in Karnal, Haryana, India.

BACKGROUND: Sleep is essential for physical, emotional, and cognitive well-being. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and determinants of poor sleep quality among undergraduate students in a city in Haryana. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 randomly selected undergraduate students in medical, paramedical, and other graduate colleges. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). A Google form questionnaire containing demographic details of students, PSQI, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was shared with students. Pearson's Chi-Square test and logistic regression were used for analysis. RESULTS: Of the 541 respondents, 65.4% had poor sleep quality (PSQI >5). On multivariable binary logistic regression analysis, the odds of poor sleep quality were approximately two times in students from urban family backgrounds and who lacked moderate to vigorous physical activity, as compared to their reference group, respectively. The odds ratio of poor sleep quality was 2.7 times among those who were dissatisfied with their academic performance than those who were satisfied. The odds of poor sleep quality increased by 23% for every one-hour increase in duration of non-academic screen use. CONCLUSION: Approximately two-thirds of undergraduate college students in Karnal city, Haryana, had poor sleep quality. Urban family background, physical inactivity, dissatisfaction with academic performance, and increased screen use for non-academic purposes were significant predictors of poor sleep quality. Interventions promoting physical activity, healthy screen-use practices, and student well-being may help improve sleep quality among undergraduate students.