Association between meat and fish intake and kidney stone risk: a cross-sectional food frequency questionnaire study in a Chinese population.

BACKGROUND: Dietary factors, particularly meat and fish intake, may influence kidney stone formation, but evidence in the Chinese population is limited. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between various types of meat and fish consumption and kidney stone prevalence using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 830 participants (299 kidney stone patients, 531 controls) using online and hospital-based FFQs. Logistic regression models assessed associations, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: Pork intake showed a non-linear association with kidney stone status. Compared with the lowest intake group, the highest pork intake group was associated with higher odds of kidney stones (OR = 3.321, 95% CI: 1.094-10.044), whereas the highest sea fish intake group was associated with lower odds (OR = 0.331, 95% CI: 0.115-0.936). Processed meat intake was not significantly associated with kidney stone status after adjustment. CONCLUSION: Pork consumption is positively associated with kidney stone, and sea fish intake is inversely associated with kidney stone in the Chinese population.