Best Practices for Implementing Virtual Nursing: An Evidence-Based Practice Literature Review

INTRODUCTION: One way to address the projected shortfalls in the quality and quantity of the nursing workforce is by implementing a virtual nursing role in the intensive care unit. Although virtual nursing is an established model of care for advanced practice providers, there are no well-established best practices for operationalizing virtual nursing to support bedside nurses. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the literature related to implementing virtual nursing in the intensive care unit. METHODS: The Johns Hopkins evidence-based practice model was used to formulate the practice question and review and appraise the literature. RESULTS: The search yielded 17 reports with primarily anecdotal evidence. Although the evidence provided low levels of support for recommendations, 3 major themes emerged: operational considerations, attitudes of staff members and associated leadership solutions, and education for patients and staff members. CONCLUSION: Virtual nursing is an emerging technology. Some guidance on implementing these programs is available, but more rigorous implementation science research is needed.