Victoria Zhao, Gail Gutman
Substance use in adolescents is an important public health topic. It can affect cognitive development and is associated with negative outcomes, such as school truancy, low graduation rates, and increased high-risk behaviors (eg, unprotected sex, dangerous driving), as well as high rates of suicide, substance abuse, dependence in adulthood, and death by overdose. Substance use among adolescents declined during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic and has continued to do so, resulting in the lowest rates of substance use in decades. Despite this decrease, physicians and nonphysician practitioners still need to be prepared to navigate this issue in teenagers and young adults. The role of primary care physicians and other practitioners includes promotion of abstinence from substances, using validated screening questionnaires, and treatment through motivational interviewing and harm reduction, as well as referring to specialists, higher levels of care, and rehabilitation centers as needed.